iraq

The first Arab Summit in Anshas, Egypt, in May 1946
From left to right: Syrian Prime Minister Fares al-Khury, Saudi Crown Prince Saud Ibn Abdul-Aziz, Iraqi Crown Prince Abdul-Illah, President Shukri al-Quwatli, King Farouk of Egypt, King Abdullah of Jordan, President Bshara al-Khury of Lebanon, and Imam Yehya of Yemen.

The sons of Sharif Hussein, commander of the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans, pictured in Baghdad in 1932
Seated in the front row from left to right: King Ali of the Hijaz, King Abdullah of Jordan, King Faysal of Iraq (former king of Syria)

Subhi al-Omari, the Syrian officer who helped create the Iraqi Army in 1922
Subhi al-Omari (left), the Syrian officer who helped create the Iraqi Army in 1922, pictured in Iraq in the mid-1930s. Near him stands Prince Abdul-Illah, who became Regent of Iraq after the death of King Ghazzi I in 1939. To the right stands Iraqi Prime Minister Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi.

The National Bloc attending a rally in the 1930s
The National Bloc attending a rally in the 1930s. Seated from left to right: Fayez al-Khury, Zafer Allah Khan, Iraqi Prime Minister Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi, Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Said, Jamil Mardam Bey, unknown, Abdul Rahman al-Kayyali, and Afif al-Sulh. Seated in the lap of Jamil Mardam Bey is his daughter Salma, who published his memoirs in 1994.

The exiled members of the National Bloc in Iraq after the 1940 murder of Shahbandar
They are pictured at the residence of Iraqi Minister Mohammad Subhi al-Daftari in Baghdad. Second from left is Jamil Mardam Bey, followed by Prime Minister Nuri al-Said, then Saadallah al-Jabiri, and Lutfi al-Haffari.

A gathering of leading Arab politicians in Damascus during the mid-1940s
A gathering of leading Arab politicians in Damascus during the mid-1940s. Front row (third from left) is Sati al-Husari, the Syrian-born Minister of Education in Iraq, followed by two unidentified gentlemen, then Jamil Mardam Bey, and Jamil al-Madfaii, the future Prime Minister of Iraq. Eight from left, standing in the middle of the front row is Amin al-Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem. Next to him is Fares al-Khury, then Ihsan al-Jabiri, and Riad al-Sulh, the Prime Minister of Lebanon. Next to him is President Quwatli, then Ihsan al-Sharif.

President Shukri al-Quwatli with the boy king of Iraq, Faisal II in 1946
President Shukri al-Quwatli with the boy king of Iraq, Faisal II.

A dinner at the residence of Mahmud Fihmi al-Nokrachi Pasha, the Prime Minister of Egypt, in Cairo in 1944
From left to right: Syrian Foreign Minister Jamil Mardam Bey, Egyptian Prime Minister Nokrachi Pasha, Lebanese Prime Minister Riad al-Sulh, Iraqi Prime Minister Fadil al-Jamali, and Yusuf Yassin, the special envoy of King Abdul-Aziz.

Jamil Mardam Bey with Prince Abdul-Illah, Regent of Iraq, in 1946
Prime Minister Jamil Mardam Bey in Daraa near the border with Jordan with Prince Abdul-Illah, the Regent of Iraq. From left to right: Mohammad al-Ayesh, the Deputy Speaker of the Syrian Parliament, Jamil Mardam Bey, and Prince Abdul-Illah.

President Quwatli with Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Said in Damascus in 1945
From left to right: Prime Minister Saadallah al-Jabiri, President Shukri al-Quwatli, Prime Minister Nuri Pasha al-Said. Standing behind Quwatli is former Syrian Prime Minister Nasuh al-Boukhari

Arab and Western Ambassadors presenting their credentials to President Quwatli in 1944
From left to right: Jordanian Ambassador Abdul Monem al-Rifaii, US Ambassador George Wadsworth, Soviet Ambassador Daniel Solod, Iraqi Ambassador Tahseen Qadri, Saudi Ambassador Abdul Aziz Ibin Zayd, the French General Delegate to Syria and Lebanon, General Beynet, Prime Minister Fares al-Khury, President Shukri al-Quwatli, British Ambassador Edward Spears, Speaker of Parliament Saadallah al-Jabiri, and Foreign Minister Jamil Mardam Bey.

Arab leaders assembled in Syria during the Arab-Israeli War of 1948
From left to right: King Abdullah of Jordan, President Bshara al-Khury of Lebanon, President Shukri al-Quwatli of Syria, and Prince Abdul Illah of Iraq.

The Arab leaders discussing war strategy in Daraa in southern Syria during the Arab-Israeli War of 1948
From left to right: Lebanese Prime Minister Riad al-Sulh, King Abdullah of Jordan, Syrian Prime Minister Jamil Mardam Bey, Jordanian Prime Minister Samir al-Rifaii, Prince Abdul-Illah of Iraq, President Shukri al-Quwatli, and Abdul Rahman Azzam, the Secretary-General of the Arab League.

Abdullah al-Khani, the director of protocol at the Presidential Palace welcoming King Faisal II of Iraq in 1951
Abdullah al-Khani (left) the director of protocol at the Presidential Palace in Syria, welcoming King Faisal II of Iraq on February 30, 1951.

The journalist Nasuh Babil with King Faisal II of Iraq
From leeft to right: King Faisal II, Nasuh Bail, the publisher of al-Ayyam newspaper, Regent to the Iraqi throne, Prince Abdul-Illah

Arab leaders assembled in Beirut on November 14, 1956
From left to right: King Faisal of Iraq, King Saud of Saudi Arabia, King Hussein of Jordan, President Shukri al-Quwatli of Syria, Prime Minister Sabri al-Asali, President Kamil Shamoun of Lebanon, Nazem al-Qudsi, the Speaker of the Syrian Parliament, ex-Lebanese Prime Minister Abdullah al-Yafi, and Prime Minister Saeb Salam of Lebanon. Between Shamoun and Qudsi stands Emir Majid Arslan, the Minister of Defense in Lebanon and behind President Quwatli is Syrian Foreign Minister Salah al-Bitar

Foreign Minister Faydi al-Atasi welcoming King Faisal II to Syria in 1955
From left to right: Interior Minister Ahmad Qanbar, Foreign Minister Atasi, King Faisal II, Chief-of-Staff Tawfiq Nizam al-Din

Arab leaders assembled in Cairo in 1968
From left to right: President Houari Boumédiène of Algeria, President Nur al-Din al-Atasi of Syria, President Abdulsalam Aref of Iraq, and President Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt.

The Arab Summit in Baghdad in November 1978
From left to right: President Hafez al-Assad, Iraqi President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr, Vice-President Saddam Hussein, Lebanese Prime Minister Salim al-Hoss

President Assad at the Arab Summit in Baghdad in 1978
From left to right: Iraqi Vice-President Saddam Hussein, President Hafez al-Assad, Algerian Abdul-Aziz Bouteflika, Syrian Foreign Minister Abdul Halim Khaddam

President Hafez al-Assad at an Arab Summit in Baghdad in 1978
From left to right: President Hafez al-Assad, Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry, Iraqi Vice President Saddam Hussein, and Iraqi Culture Minister Tarek Aziz

Arab leaders in 1948
From left to right: Lebanese Prime Minister Riad al-Sulh, Jordanian Prime Minister Samir al-Rifaii, Lebanese President Bshara al-Khury, Lebanese Defense Minister Emir Majid Arslan, King Abdullah of Jordan, Deputy Speaker of the Syrian Parliament Mohammad al-Ayesh, Prince Abdul-Illah the Regent of Iraq, Syrian President Shukri al-Quwatli, Syrian Prime Minister Jamil Mardam Bey

King Faisal II of Iraq visiting the Presidential Palace in Damascus in 1957
From left to right: President Shukri al-Quwatli, King Faisal II, Speaker of Parliament Nazem al-Qudsi